by Polly Markandya | Feb 17, 2011
Em comunidades com uma elevada densidade populacional e baixo rendimento, sanitários comunitários para pequenos grupos de famílias podem ser uma solução eficaz. O desafio é obter pagamentos regulares dos utilizadores e uma gestão comunitária eficaz desta...
by Polly Markandya | Feb 17, 2011
This Practice Note examines the financing of communal toilets in Maputo, Mozambique, carried out in conjunction with municipal level capacity building and citywide sanitation planning. It argues that in high density, low income communities, communal toilets serving...
by Polly Markandya | Jun 23, 2022
By Bridget Teirney Life in small towns is rapidly changing for communities across Africa. In the next twenty years the urban population is expected to double, and urban land cover to triple. But urbanisation isn’t just impacting the continents’ large and mega cities....
by Polly Markandya | Feb 12, 2018
Aims To generate evidence that supports development of the recently introduced sanitation surcharge in Ga West and a similar surcharge enacted in Akuapem North, such that they prove effective in terms of revenue generation, and cost-effective and pro-poor in terms of...
by Polly Markandya | Jan 12, 2018
Aims To support sanitation policy development in Ghana, Kenya and Bangladesh and in particular to provide a firm financial analysis basis that contributes to city sanitation investment decisions in the five selected cities and nationally, and that supports assessment...
