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Stand-alone unit or mainstreamed responsibility: how can water utilities serve low-income communities?

Stand-alone unit or mainstreamed responsibility: how can water utilities serve low-income communities?

by Polly Markandya | Feb 17, 2015

Drawing upon 10 case studies from Africa and Asia, this Discussion Paper explores a question that is core to the urban water supply challenge: how can utilities effectively structure their organisation to extend services to low-income communities?
Introducing safe FSM services in low-income areas: lessons from Lusaka

Introducing safe FSM services in low-income areas: lessons from Lusaka

by Polly Markandya | Jan 18, 2015

Despite the acknowledged importance of on-site sanitation, examples of safe and commercially viable faecal sludge management (FSM) services remain few and far between. This Topic Brief sets out the process and learning from a recent project – completed with funding...
FSM Services in Lusaka: moving up the excreta management ladder

FSM Services in Lusaka: moving up the excreta management ladder

by Polly Markandya | Jul 17, 2014

Despite most residents of African and Asian cities depending on non-sewered sanitation, only a handful of sanitation authorities have addressed the management of faecal sludge from these systems. This Practice Note describes the launch of a faecal sludge management...
Sewerage or FSM? Sometimes both: ‘gradual sewering’ in Nairobi

Sewerage or FSM? Sometimes both: ‘gradual sewering’ in Nairobi

by Polly Markandya | Mar 17, 2014

Nairobi’s super-slum Kibera is criss-crossed by sewer mains. So why not simply connect latrines to the sewer? Unfortunately it’s not so simple, for various reasons including high costs. In partnership with Nairobi Water, WSUP has been developing a ‘gradual sewering’...
Clean Team, a human-centred approach to sanitation: initial trials in Ghana

Clean Team, a human-centred approach to sanitation: initial trials in Ghana

by Polly Markandya | Nov 15, 2011

Clean Team is a sanitation business currently being trialled by WSUP in Kumasi (Ghana), in collaboration with Unilever. Using human-centred design methods, it approaches urban sanitation from a radically new angle: asking people in low-income communities what sort of...
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