The water and sanitation sector has long struggled to attract and retain female talent. Despite women representing a significant potential workforce, they account for only 18% of the global water and sanitation utility workforce. This underrepresentation not only hinders gender equality but also limits the sector’s access to diverse perspectives and skills.
In this Q&A, WSUP highlights the importance of gender diversity and inclusion by featuring women leaders in the water and sanitation sector across its countries of operation. As part of our ongoing commitment to gender equality, we provide a platform for women to discuss the challenges, opportunities, and strategies for promoting gender diversity within water organizations. We spoke with Ms. Sitrakantenaina NY Andrianandrasana from the Municipal Sanitation Company -Société Municipale d’Assainissement (SMA) in Antananarivo, Madagascar, to explore her experiences and the significance of fostering gender diversity in sanitation institutions.
What initially drew you to a career in sanitation, specifically at SMA?
At first, I thought the sanitation sector didn’t concern women. However, as an accounting intern at SMA, I became increasingly attracted to the scope of sanitation, which includes health, the environment, behaviour change, and even the economy. I understood and appreciate how sanitation significantly impacts and helps the public.
In your experience at SMA, can you share the challenges faced by women in the sanitation sector in Madagascar?
During my time at SMA, I encountered two main challenges: (i) the challenge of authority and power dynamics between men and women, with sanitation roles often perceived as more complex for women, and (ii) the challenge of workplace harassment, as men often disregard women’s voices and exclude them from decision-making.
What opportunities exist for women interested in joining the sanitation sector in Madagascar?
The sanitation field is broad and open to everyone. It’s not just for physically strong individuals; women, in my opinion, contribute significantly to the sector’s development. Other sector segments, such as recycling and waste recovery, create employment and income-generating opportunities, especially for women.
Are there any initiatives promoting gender inclusion within the organization?
At SMA, there is progress towards gender and social inclusion, including (i) promoting women in physically demanding roles like garbage collection, (ii) inclusive recruitment for pre-collection agents regardless of gender, and (iii) a project in Mahazoarivo for the wives of handlers, focusing on source sorting and revaluation with capacity building and tooling programs. Though women make up only a small percentage of the workforce, the number of women in managerial roles is growing.
Have you encountered any discussions or programs focused on gender diversity within sanitation management in Madagascar?
Yes, during my career, I have been part of an advocacy team – where we advocated for the Commune Urbaine d’Antananarivo (CUA) to recruit women as street sweepers, which led to hiring an all-female team. I also participated in an international event on sanitation management, where we discussed the issue of workplace harassment among women.
Why is gender diversity important within sanitation institutions in Madagascar?
I firmly believe that gender diversity is not just a matter of equality but a crucial factor in the effectiveness and success of sanitation institutions. According to a Malagasy proverb, “Izay tsy mahay sobika mahay fatambary” – “Those who cannot embroider baskets in straw can make cooking pans,” meaning everyone can contribute to the sector’s development. Women and men complement each other in intellectual, physical, and strategic aspects; waste management, in particular, often aligns with women’s strengths.
What barriers hinder women’s recruitment, retention, and promotion in the sanitation sector? How can these hurdles be overcome?
Several barriers hinder women’s recruitment, retention, and promotion in the sanitation sector. One significant obstacle is the deeply ingrained societal perception that roles requiring physical labour, such as garbage collection, are exclusively for men. This gender stereotype limits women’s opportunities and perpetuates inequality within the sector. Furthermore, the transition from SAMVA to SMA has exacerbated job insecurity, leading to a higher resignation rate among women. To address these challenges, it is imperative to ensure job security, provide equal opportunities for women in all roles, and actively challenge harmful gender stereotypes. Additionally, implementing targeted training and mentorship programs can empower women to excel in sanitation-related positions and break down the barriers that have traditionally excluded them.
How can fostering a gender-inclusive workforce help address Madagascar’s unique challenges in sanitation management?
Promoting a gender-inclusive workforce, particularly in recycling and waste revaluation activities, can create jobs and generate significant income. With Madagascar’s growing population, waste is increasing, so involving more women in these activities can help achieve socio-economic stability.
What cultural barriers exist for women pursuing careers in sanitation management in Madagascar, and how are they being addressed?
Cultural barriers include men’s reluctance to support their wives working outside the home, particularly in roles traditionally viewed as male-dominated. To address this, we must encourage men to share domestic responsibilities and recognize that women can excel in the workforce, including in the sanitation sector.
What role can local communities play in promoting gender diversity within sanitation institutions?
Local communities, including communes and fokontany, should provide more opportunities for women in activities like street cleaning, pre-collection, recycling, and crafts. Women can contribute to sanitation services just as effectively as men.
Do you have anything else to share about your experiences or the importance of gender diversity in sanitation management in Madagascar?
I encourage women to embrace challenges, be bold, and not underestimate their capabilities. We need to value women’s contributions at every level—community, professional, and beyond—acknowledging that many women are just as educated and capable as men.